Thermodynamics in Mechanical Engineering (Main Workshop)

Thermodynamics is taught to mechanical, chemical and electrical engineering students. Thermodynamics is a physical science that studies the effects on material bodies, and on radiation in regions of space, transfer of heat, and of work done on or by the bodies or radiation. 

It inter-relates macroscopic variables, such as temperature, volume and pressure, which describe physical properties of material bodies and radiation, which in this science are called thermodynamic systems. Its applications include the design of air conditioners, refrigerators, internal combustion engines in automobiles and other equipments, turbo chargers and superchargers in automobile engines, steam turbines in power generation plants, jet engines used in aircraft, and so on. The different applied fields of thermodynamics are Atmospheric, Biological, Black hole, Chemical, Classical, Equilibrium, Industrial ecology (re: Exergy), Maximum entropy, Non-equilibrium, Philosophy of thermal and statistical physics, Psychrometrics, Quantum thermodynamics, Statistical thermodynamics & Thermo economics. 

Course Content

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Topics covered :-
• Introduction to thermodynamics.
• System, surroundings, boundaries, classification of systems.
• Units and dimensions. Conversion factors.
• Properties of systems. Equilibrium, processes, interactions.
• The work interaction. Thermodynamic definition of work. Characteristics of the work interaction. Evaluation of work.
• Adiabatic boundary. Adiabatic systems and processes. Adiabatic work.
• The First Law. Basic form. Energy of a system. The heat interaction. Sign convention.
• Diathermic boundary. Zeroth law. Isothermal states. Empirical temperature.
• Principles of thermometry. Scales of temperature.
• Gas thermometer. The ideal gas. Ideal gas temperature scale.
• The state principle. Equations of state. Properties of gases.
• Properties of steam. Introduction to steam tables.
• Other equations of state. Van-der-Waals gas. Critical state.
• Reduced equation of state.
• The Second Law. Kelvin-Planck and Clausius statements. Equivalence of statements. Carnot theorem. Thermodynamic temperature. Kelvin scale. Carnot engine. Equivalence of thermodynamic Kelvin scale and ideal gas Kelvin scale.
• Clausius inequality. Definition of entropy. Evaluation of entropy.
• Principle of increase of entropy. Formulation of second law for closed systems.
• Auxiliary functions. Property relations. Maxwell`s equations.
• Applications to equations of state.
• First law for open systems. Derivation of the general form. Special cases. Steady-flow energy equation. Second law for open systems.
• Combined first and second laws. Availability and exergy. Lost work.
• Introduction to cycles. Classifications of cycles. Implementation of cycles. Gas power cycles - Otto, Diesel, Brayton. Vapour power cycles -Rankine cycle and its modifications. Refrigeration (reversed) cycles -Joule, vapour-compression.